BRCA1/2 are tumor suppressors. They protect cells from transformation; when mutated cells can progress to cancer, usually in combination with other genetic changes.
BRCA1 is involved in the DNA repair process, where it recruits other factors to carry out DNA repair through the process of homologous recombination. It mediates the sensors and effectors in DNA repair.
BRCA2 is mainly involved in the homologous recombination process. It facilitates the recruitment of other factors to carry out homologous recombination on single-stranded DNA (usually our DNA is double-stranded).
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